Hydroplaning phenomenon in rainy areas has caused the reduction of safety in the roads. Using a layer of porous asphalt with void about 18% can drain the water from the road and send it out, It also can decrease sound pollution. Low stability and durability and mechanical characteristics of this asphalt and high PERMANENT DEFORMATION are limitations of porous asphalt. In these study effects of SBR and APP polymers on porous asphalt regarding PERMANENT DEFORMATION was evaluated.Choosing the best aggregate for creating void above 18% and mix design of asphalt through use of cantabero method were the important parts of the study. The results of experiments showed that adding polymer increases specific weight, improving percentage of the void in asphalt, and amplifying strength and stability of porous asphalt.During the creep test, it was determined that porous polymer modified bituminous mixtures will have the least primary and PERMANENT DEFORMATION than the specimens were made with pure bitumen. Adding polymer causes more amount of viscoelastic recovery, increase of stiffness modulus in all temperatures and all stresses and also decreases of creep DEFORMATION in porous asphalt.

A new approach is suggested to determine the PERMANENT DEFORMATION of slope under seismic loading based on the horizontal slices method and limit equilibrium analysis. A comparison of the analytical results obtained from the proposed method for 3 sample slopes with those of previous research results is performed. The analytical method presented can be used to calculate yield acceleration, seismic coefficient of horizontal acceleration, PERMANENT DEFORMATION and angle of failure wedge for slopes. Also, the stability analysis can be performed by proposed method. It was concluded that the horizontal slices method by analytical procedure proposed reliably calculates the PERMANENT DEFORMATION of slopes.

Porous bituminous mixes that are saturated in cement slurries are named “combi-layer”. These types of mixes consist of coarse aggregates and contains little fines and have a high air voids content (of up to 20%). The porous property of combi-layer makes these mixes to be flexible while the saturated cement slurry improves their resistance to DEFORMATION and rutting. This research mechanical properties of one type of porous mix saturated with cement slurry at different cement concentration were investigated. Marshall, Creep and Indirect Tensile Tests were conducted on day and saturated samples. The ITS tests were performed at (-10, zero, 40oC). The results showed that samples saturated at 32% cement had both high strength and appropriate flexibility. Hence with this type of mixes it would be possible to have the benefits of porous mixes (i.e. drainages, skid resistance …) while these mixes have enough strength to resist DEFORMATION.

In this paper, two-dimensional DEFORMATION analysis of the Gotvand-Olya dam is done using daily, monthly, seasonal and annual displacement vectors derived from PERMANENT observations of the dam geodetic monitoring network. The strain tensor and its invariant parameters like dilatation and maximum shear are computed as well. Nonlinear finite element interpolation based on C1 Cubic Bezier interpolant function is used to compute the strain tensor in the Lagrangian approach. According to the results, the dilatations computed from the daily observations on March 25, 2014 and 2015 reveal the extension of dam, while on March 25, 2016 they indicate contraction in dam’ s body and crown. Monthly results show the extension of dam’ s geodetic network in September 2016 and contraction in September 2014 and 2015. Seasonal results showed the contraction in summer 2014 and extension in winter 2014 in dam’ s geodetic network. Dilatation values from annual displacement vectors indicate contraction in dam from July 2014 to July 2015 and extension from July 2015 to July 2016. Statistical test is used to investigate the statistical significance of daily, monthly and seasonal strain tensor invariants.

The main objective of this study is to conduct a comparative test program on unmodified and modified bitumen containing nanoclay, and assessing the effects of asphalt properties on performance of the pavement. In order to meet this objective, the main targets of this study are: finding out if the nanoclays alter the critical properties of bituminous binders and influence the ageing and rheology of the bituminous binders. The first task performed was studying the nanoclay modifiers at nanoscopic level and the test performed in this area is x-ray analysis of the nanoclay modifiers. The second task is studying the influence of nanoclay modifiers on bituminous binder characteristics. The tests performed related to this target are rheological studies of fresh (non aged) and aged bitumen types by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Findings of the tests performed on bituminous binders proved that the cloisite-15A nanoclay modifications help to increase the stiffness and also improve the rutting resistance of the standard bituminous binder. This is especially true if the %4 cloisite modification is used. The nanofil-15 modification helps to improve the ageing resistance of the bituminous binder in the short and long terms. However, the nanoclay modifications were observed to negatively influence the fatigue resistance performance of asphalt bituminous binders, especially at low temperature values.

This research intends to develop a method based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict PERMANENT earthquake-induced DEFORMATION of the earth dams and embankments. For this purpose, data sets of observations from 152 published case histories on the performance of the earth dams and embankments, during the past earthquakes, was used. In order to predict earthquake-induced DEFORMATION of the earth dams and embankments a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) analysis was used. A four-layer, feed-forward, back-propagation neural network, with a topology of 7-9-7-1 was found to be optimum. The results showed that an appropriately trained neural network could reliably predict PERMANENT earthquake-induced DEFORMATION of the earth dams and embankments.

The aggregate particles in asphalt mixtures get connected by (bitumen + mineral filler) mastic. The goal of this paper is to study the feasibility of partial and total substitution of Limestone (LS) filler by Barite powder (BP) in Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures. To evaluate barite powder performance, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, freeze-thaw cycles, dynamic creep at two different temperatures, and bitumen draindown tests were used. The obtained values revealed that an increase in barite powder content from 50% to 100% improved the Stone matrix asphalt mixture moisture performance by 4.5% after going through 5 freeze-thaw cycles while on the other hand, it had an 18.5% reverse effect on the PERMANENT DEFORMATION in higher temperatures. Also, despite barite powder's positive effect on bitumen draindown compared to the control samples; it could not yet thoroughly control SMA bitumen draindown.

The PERMANENT DEFORMATION pavement of roads and streets at tropical zones (if layers are sufficiently compacted) is due to increase of asphalt layers temperature and consequential decrease of modulus of elasticity. Therefore, the asphalt mixture moves aside of the wheels of heavy vehicles and cause PERMANENT DEFORMATIONs without volume variation. On the other hand, if the asphalt layer modulus of elasticity is not appropriate, additional stresses will be moved to the soil sub grade and thus causes PERMANENT DEFORMATION. The materials used for the asphalt layers can be controlled by the proposed method so that additional stresses can be avoided. This study includes three types of pavements (thin, intermediate and thick) on three kinds of sub grades (weak, intermediate and strong) at tropical zones of Iran. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson ratio of layers are selected based on the earlier studies. The heavy axles of vehicles in Iran which cause the most damages are considered in this study (13 tons with two axle trucks). Then the modulus of elasticity of the asphalt mixtures is changed and stress-strain analysis is performed by the Elsym5 computer software to produce the maximum normal strain at the sub grade for al1above mentioned types. The number of passing axles used in the analysis is obtained by the formula proposed by the Asphalt Institute (N=1.6x10-9(e) -4.477) Nomographs showing number of passing axles versus modulus of elasticity for all cases based on the computer analysis are drawn. The designed pavement can be compared to the corresponding nomograph mentioned above to control the modulus of elasticity of asphalt mixtures which prevent the sub grade from additional stresses by using the predicted passing axles.

Today, one of the main objectives of the geodesy is to identify the changes over time at the surface of the earth. It is critical to the design of the infrastructures to know these changes and to be able to predict their trends with time, as any ignorance could lead to in compensable losses to the society. One way to investigate and measure the changes is to establish PERMANENT GPS stations and to process the time series data from the stations. The amplitude and mode of the periodic movements and the parameters of the linear movements can be investigated by the application of the maximum likelihood of the type and amplitude of the noises in the time series.The noise analysis in time series allows the real changes recorded in any stations in the geodynamic network to be accurately measured. With the application of the measured parameters in the DEFORMATION equations, the changes in the crust of the earth can be appropriately interpreted. This research shows that the white and flicker noises in vertical components are more than those in the horizontal components. Without the application of noise analysis on time series, the estimated errors for the rate of changes in the geodynamic stations would be underestimated by 8 times.